** *Univar USA Inc. 6100 Carillon Point Kirkland, WA 98033 (425) 889-3400* For Emergency Assistance involving chemicals call - CHEMTREC (800) 424-9300 =============================================================================== The Version Date for this MSDS is : 09/25/2003 ********************************************************************* PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION ********************************************************************* PRODUCT NAME: SULFURIC ACID (1 - 50%) MSDS NUMBER: P19680VS DATE ISSUED: 01/12/01 SUPERCEDES: 01/25/95 ISSUED BY: 008820 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Prepared to U.S. OSHA CMA, ANSI and Canadian WHMIS Standards Northstar Chemical, Inc. PART I What is the material and what do / need to know in an emergency? 1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION TRADE NAME (AS LABELED): SULFURIC ACID (1 - 50%) CHEMICAL NAME/CLASS: Sulfuric Acid Solution PRODUCT USE: Neutralization, battery acid. Distributed by: Univar USA 6100 Carillon Pt. Kirkland, WA 98033 425 889-3400 24 Hour Emergency (CHEMTREC):800-424-9300 (If you do not understand the Material Safety Data Sheet, find someone to explain it to you in detail.) 2. COMPOSITION and INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS CHEMICAL NAME CAS # %w/w EXPOSURE LIMITS IN AIR ACGIH OSHA TLV STEL PEL STEL IDLH OTHER mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 Sulfuric Acid 766493-9 1-50 1 mg/m3 10 1 mg/m3 3 mg/m3 15 mg/m3 NA Water and other ingredients. The other ingredients Balance The components present in the balance of this product do not contribute any are each present in less than 1 percent concentration significant, additional hazards. All hazard information pertinent to this product in this product. has been presented in the remaining sections of this Material Safety Data Sheet, per the requirements of Federal Occupational Safety and Health Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). NE = Not Established. C = Ceiling Limit See Section 16 for Definitions of Terms Used. NOTE: All WHMIS required information is included. It is located in appropriate sections based on the ANSI Z400.1-1993 format. 3. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: This product is a clear solution. This solution is corrosive, and can be damaging to contaminated tissue. Ingestion or inhalation of large quantities can be fatal. In the event of fire or spill, adequate precautions must be taken. this product may decompose to produce a variety of compounds (i.e. carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxides of sulfur). Emergency responders must wear the proper personal protective equipment suitable for the situation to which they are responding. SYMPTOMS OF OVER-EXPOSURE BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE: The most significant routes of occupational overexposure are inhalation and HEALTH (BLUE) 2 contact with skin and eyes. The symptoms of overexposure to this product are as follows: INHALATION: If mists or sprays of this solution are inhaled, this product may cause pulmonary irritation, irritation of the mucus membranes, coughing, and a sore throat. Inhalation of high concentrations of this product may cause damage to the tissues of the respiratory system, producing potentially fatal lung disorders (chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema) and erosion of the tooth enamel. CONTACT WITH SKIN or EYES: Contact with the eyes may cause severe irritation, eye burns and permanent eye damage. Contact with the skin may cause severe irritation, skin burns and permanent skin damage. Prolonged exposure may result in ulcerating burns which could leave scars. SKIN ABSORPTION: Skin absorption is not anticipated to be a significant route of over-exposure to any component of this product. INGESTION: Though ingestion is not anticipated to be a significant route of over-exposure to this product, if ingestion does occur burning and irritation of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and other tissues of the digestive system will occur immediately upon contact. Ingestion of large For routine industrial applications quantities may be fatal. INJECTION: Though injection is not anticipated to be a significant route of over-exposure to this product, if it occurs, may cause local reddening, tissue swelling, and discomfort. HEALTH EFFECTS OR RISKS FROM EXPOSURE: An Explanation in Lay Terms. ACUTE: This solution is corrosive, and can burn and damage eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and any other exposed tissue. If inhaled, irritation of the respiratory system may occur, with coughing, and breathing difficulty. Though unlikely to occur during occupational use, ingestion or injection of large quantities may be fatal. CHRONIC: This product contains ingredients that are considered to be probable or suspected human carcinogens (see Section 11). HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM HEALTH (BLUE) 2 FLAMMABILITY (RED) 0 REACTIVITY (YERLLOW) 0 PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT D RESPIRATORY See Section 8 PART II What should I do if a hazardous situation occurs? 4. FIRST-AID MEASURES SKIN EXPOSURE: If the product contaminates the skin, immediately begin decontamination with running water. Minimum flushing is for 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing, taking care not to contaminate eyes. Victim must seek medical attention. EYE EXPOSURE: If this product enters the eyes, open victim's eyes while under gentle running water. Use sufficient force to open eyelids. Have victim "roll" eyes. Minimum, flushing is for 15 minutes. Victim must seek immediate medical attention. INHALATION: If vapors, mists, or sprays of this product are inhaled, remove victim to fresh air. If necessary, use artificial respiration to support vital functions. Remove or cover gross contamination to avoid exposure to rescuers. INGESTION: If this product is swallowed, CALL PHYSICIAN OR POISON CONTROL CENTER FOR MOST CURRENT INFORMATION. If professional advice is not available, do not induce vomiting. Victim should rinse mouth with large amounts of water. Victim should drink 2-3 glasses of water to dilute the ingested material. Never induce vomiting or give diluents (water) to someone who is unconscious, having convulsions, or who cannot swallow. The use of gastric lavage is controversial. The removal of acid must be weighed against the risk of perforation or bleeding. If a large amount of acid (greater than 1 ml /kg body weight ) has been ingested , cautious gastric lavage is generally advised if the patient is alert and there is little risk of convulsions. Consultation with a gastroenterologist and/or surgeon is advised. Serious complications such as perforation or stricture of the esophagus may occur requiring care by specialist. Laryngeal edema may develop requiring intubation or tracheostomy. Victims of chemical exposure must be taken for medical attention. Rescuers should be taken for medical attention, if necessary. Take copy of label and MSDS to health professional with victim. 5. FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES NFPA RATING FLAMMIBILITY 0 HEALTH 2 0 REACTIVITY - OTHER FLASH POINT. C (method): Not flammable. AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE, C: Not flammable. LAMMABLE LIMITS (in air by volume, Lower (LEL): Not applicable. Upper (UEL): Not applicable. NFPA RATING FIRE EXTINGUISHING MATERIALS: Water Spray: YES Carbon Dioxide: YES FLAMMABILITY Foam: YES Dry Chemical: YES Halon: YES Other: NO. UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: This product is corrosive, and presents a significant contact hazard to fire-fighters. When involved in a fire, this material may decompose and produce irritating fumes and toxic gases (including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxides of sulfur). Explosion Sensitivity to Mechanical Impact: Not sensitive. Explosion Sensitivity to Static Discharge: Not sensitive. SPECIAL FIRE-FIGHTING PROCEDURES: Incipient fire responders should wear eye protection. Structural fire fighters must wear Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus and full protective equipment. If possible, prevent run-off water from entering storm drains, bodies of water, or other environmentally sensitive areas. 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES SPILL AND LEAK RESPONSE: Uncontrolled releases should be responded to by trained personnel using pre-planned procedures. Proper protective equipment should be used. In case of a spill, clear the affected area, protect people, and respond with trained personnel. The proper personal protective equipment for incidental releases (e.g.-1 L of the product released in a well-ventilated area) use impermeable gloves, specific for the material handled, goggles, face shield, and appropriate body protection. In the event of a large release, use impermeable gloves, specific for the material handled, chemically resistant suit and boots, and hard-hat. Self Contained Breathing Apparatus or respirator may be required where engineering controls are not adequate or conditions for potential exposure exist. When respirators are required, Select NIOSH/MSHA approved based on actual or potential airborne concentrations in accordance with latest OSHA and/or ANSI recommendations. Absorb spilled liquid with polypads or other suitable absorbent materials. Neutralize residue with lime or soda ash or other acid neutralizing agent. Decontaminate the area thoroughly. Test area with litmus paper to confirm neutralization. Place all spill residue in a suitable container. Dispose of in accordance with Federal, State and local hazardous waste disposal regulations (see Section 13 - Disposal Considerations.) PART III How can I prevent hazardous situations from occurring? 7. HANDLING and STORAGE WORK PRACTICES AND HYGIENE PRACTICES: As with all chemicals, avoid getting this product ON YOU or IN YOU. Wash hands after handling this product. Do not eat or drink while handling this material. Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Use ventilation and other engineering controls to minimize potential exposure to this product. STORAGE AND HANDLING PRACTICES: All employees who handle this material should be trained to handle it safely. Avoid breathing mists or sprays generated by this product. Use in a well-ventilated location. For Non-Bulk Containers: Open containers slowly, on a stable surface. Containers of this product must be properly labeled. Store containers in a cool, dry location, away from direct sunlight, sources of intense heat, or where freezing is possible. Material should be stored in secondary containers, or in a diked area, as appropriate. Store containers away from incompatible chemicals. Keep container tightly closed when not in use. Wash thoroughly after using this material. Storage areas should be made of fire-resistant materials. If appropriate, post warning signs in storage and use areas. Inspect all incoming containers before storage, to ensure containers are properly labeled and not damaged. Empty containers may contain residual liquid. Therefore, empty containers should be handled with care. Bulk Containers: All tanks and pipelines which contain this material must be labeled. Perform routine maintenance on tanks or pipeines which contain this product. Report all leaks immediately to the proper personnel. Tank Car Shipments: Tank cars carrying this product should be loaded and unloaded in strict accordance with tank-car manufacturers recomendation and all established on-site safety procedures. Appropriate personal protective equipment must be used (see Section 8, Engineering Controls and Personal Protective Equipment). All loading and unloading equipment must be inspected, prior to each use. Loading and unloading operations must be attended, at all times. Tank cars must be level, brakes must be set or wheels must be locked a blocked prior to loading or unloading. Tank car (for loading) or storage tank (for unloading) must be verified to be correct for receiving this product and be properly prepared, prior to starting the transfer operations. Hoses must be verified to be clean and free of incompatible chemicals, prior to connection to the tank car or vessel. Valves and hoses must be verified to be in the correct positions, before starting transfer operations. A sample (if required) must be taken and verified (if required) prior to starting transfer operations. All rues must be blown-down and purged before disconnecting them from the tank car or vessel. PROTECTIVE PRACTICES DURING MAINTENANCE OF CONTAMINATED EQUIPMENT: Follow practices indicated in Section 6 (Accidental Release Measures). Make certain application equipment is locked and tagged-out safely. Always use this product in areas where adequate ventilation is provided. Decontaminate equipment before maintenance begins by a triple-rinse with water followed, if necessary, by using acid neutralizing agent and an additional rinse. Collect all rinsates and dispose of according to applicable Federal, State, or local procedures. 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS - PERSONAL PROTECTION VENTILATION AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS: If required use a corrosion-resistant ventilation system separate from other exhaust ventilation systems to ensure that there is no potential for overexposure to sprays, or mists of this product and that exposures are below those in section 2. Ensure eyewash/safety shower stations are available near areas where this product is used. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: Maintain airborne contaminant concentrations below exposure limits listed in Section 2 (Composition and Information on Ingredients). If respiratory protection is needed, use only protection authorized in 29 CFR 1910.134, or applicable State regulations. If adequate ventilation is not available or if there is potential for airborne exposure above the exposure limits (listed in Section 2) a respirator may be worn up to respirator exposure limitations, check with respirator equipment manufactures recommendations/limitations. For a higher level of protection use positive pressure supplied air aspiration protection or Self Contained Breathing Apparatus or if oxygen levels are below 19.5% or are unknown. EMERGENCY OR PLANNED ENTRY INTO UNKNOWN CONCENTRATIONS OR IDLH CONDITIONS: Positive pressure, full-facepiece Self Contained Breathing Apparatus; or positive pressure, full-facepiece Self Contained Breathing Apparatus with an auxiliary positive pressure Self Contained Breathing Apparatus. EYE PROTECTION: Splash goggles or safety glasses. Face-shields are recommended when the operation can generate splashes, sprays or mists. HAND PROTECTION: Wear appropriate gloves for routine industrial use. Use appropriate gloves for spill response, as stated in Section 6 of this MSDS (Accidental Release Measures). BODY PROTECTION: Use body protection appropriate for task. Cover-all, rubber aprons, or chemical protective clothing made from natural rubber or other appropriate materials are generally acceptable, depending upon the task. 9. PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Physical and chemical properties for Sulfuric Acid. Sulfuric Acid Percentage 10 20 30 36 50 PHYSICAL STATE: Liquid BOILING POINT @ 760 mmHg: 102 C 215 F 104 C 219 F 108 C 226 123 C 255 F 123 C 253 F FREEZING POINT: -4 C 24 F -13 C 8 F -33 C -28 F -64 C -83 F -2 C -36 F VAPOR PRESSURE Ibtn? 0.242 0.226 0.191 0.151 0.089 axis. @60 F SPECIFIC GRAVITY @ 15.6C 1.066 1.142 1.219 1.272 1.394 DENSITY -lb.gal@15.6 C: 8.89 9.52 10.17 10.61 11.63 VAPOR DENSITY: Not Determined EVAPORATION RATE Not Determined (water=1): PK 1 % solution has an approximate pH of 1 SOLUBILITY in H2O - % by wt Completely Soluble ODOR THRESHOLD: Not available. APPEARANCE AND COLOR: No odor. HOW TO DETECT THIS SUBSTANCE (warming properties): Litmus paper will turn red upon contact with even low concentrations of this solution. 10. STABILITY and REACTIVITY STABILITY: Stable. DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Thermal decomposition products of this solution can include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxides of sulfur. MATERIALS WITH WHICH SUBSTANCE IS INCOMPATIBLE: This product reacts with bases, reducing agents, alkali metals, carbides, cyanides, sulfides and metal powders. . Do not mix this product with sodium hypochiorite, sodium bisulfite, Chlorine 3anitizers or Chlorinated Cleaners - a deadly gas can be formed. HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Will not occur. CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Avoid exposure or contact to extreme temperatures and incompatible chemicals. PART IV Is there any other useful information about this material? 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION TOXICITY DATA: Additional toxicology information for components greater than 1 percent in concentration is provided below. SULFURIC ACID: LD50 (oral, rat) 2140 mg/kg LC5o (rat) 510 mg/m312 hrs. SUSPECTED CANCER AGENT: The components of this product are not found on the following lists: FEDERAL OSHA Z LIST, NTP, CAUOSHA; and are not considered to be, nor suspected to be, cancer-causing agents by these agencies. NORTHSTAR only adds water to produce lower concentrations of sulfuric acid. The following quote is from a 93% sulfuric acid MSDS dated 5/7/97 from Rodia Inc., who is a producer of sulfuric acid and is regarding cancer and strong acid mists. "The International Agency for Research on cancer (IARC) has classified strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric as a known human carcinogen ( IARC Category 1). This classification applies to sulfuric acid when it is generated as a mist. There is still debate in the scientific community whether the studies reviewed by IARC adequately controlled for confounding occupational exposures and personal habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption. A few epidemiology studies have suggested a possible association between sulfuric acid exposure and laryngeal or lung cancer; however, in all these studies, workers were exposed to many other chemicals, some of which are recognized carcinogens, such as diethylsulfate and nickel. Considering the multiple chemical exposures and other limitations of the studies we (Rodia Inc.) disagree with IARC's conclusions that a cause and effect relationship between cancer and exposure to strong inorganic acid mist containing sulfuric acid has been demonstrated." IRRITANCY OF PRODUCT: This product is severely irritating to contaminated tissue. SENSITIZATION TO THE PRODUCT: No component of this product is known to be a sensitizer. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY INFORMATION: Listed below is information concerning the effects of this product and its components on the human reproductive system. Mutagenicity: This product is not reported to produce mutagenic effects in humans. Embryotoxicity: This product is not reported to produce embryotoxic effects in humans. Teratogenicity: This product is not reported to cause teratogenic effects in humans. Reproductive Toxicity: This product is not reported to cause reproductive effects in humans. A mutagen is a chemical which causes permanent changes to genetic material (DNA) such that the changes will propagate through generational lines. An embrvotoxin is a chemical which causes damage to a developing embryo (i.e. within the fast eight weeks of pregnancy in humans), but the damage does not propagate across generational lines. A teratoqen is a chemical which causes damage to a developing fetus, but the damage does not propagate across generational lines. A reproductive toxin, is any substance which interferes in any way with the reproductive process. BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES: Currently there are no Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) associated with the components of this product. MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE Skin disorders can be aggravated by over-exposure to this product. Inhalation of this products mists may aggravate respiratory conditions. RECOMMENDATIONS TO PHYSICIANS: Treat symptoms and eliminate over-exposure to this product. 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION ALL WORK PRACTICES MUST BE AIMED AT ELIMINATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION. ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY: No chemical fate data found. EFFECT OF MATERIAL ON PLANTS or ANIMALS: This product is harmful or fatal to plant and animal life if released into the environment. As with all chemicals, work practices should be aimed at eliminating environmental releases. Refer to Section 11 (Toxicological Information) for further toxicological data. EFFECT OF CHEMICAL ON AQUATIC LIFE The toxicity of sulfuric acid to fish is dependent on the resulting pH of the water. lethality at a ph of 5.0 or below. Required to cause lethality varies depending on the hardness of the water (hard water has some buffering capacity) and the species of fish (some fish are more resistant to the effects of acidity) . McKee, JE, and Wolf, HA (Editors) Water Quality Criteria, 2nd ed., Publications No. 3-A, p. 279, California State Water Quality Resources Control Board, Sacramento, CA (Rev. 1963). As with all chemicals, work practices should be aimed at eliminating environmental releases. 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS PREPARING WASTES FOR DISPOSAL: Waste disposal must be in accordance with appropriate Federal, State, and local regulations. This product, if unaltered by use, may be disposed of by treatment at a permitted facility or as advised by your local hazardous waste regulatory authority. EPA WASTE NUMBER: D002 (Characteristic, Corrosivity), applicable to wastes consisting only of this solution. 14. TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION THIS MATERIAL IS HAZARDOUS AS DEFINED BY 49 CFR 172.101 BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Sulfuric Acid, with not more than 51 % acid HAZARD CLASS NUMBER and DESCRIPTION: 8 (Corrosive Material) UN IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: UN 2796 PACKING GROUP: II DOT LABEL(S) REQUIRED: Corrosive NORTH AMERICAN EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK NUMBER (2000): 157 MARINE POLLUTANT: This product does not contain any components which are designated by the Department of Transportation to be Marine Pollutants. (49 CFR 172.101, Appendix B). TRANSPORT CANADA TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS REGULATIONS: THIS MATERIAL IS CONSIDERED AS DANGEROUS GOODS. Use the above information for the preparation of Canadian Shipments. Note: The latest DOT information is provided, please verify all DOT information as it subject to change without notice. 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION SARA REPORTING REQUIREMENTS: The components of this product subject to the reporting requirements of Section 302, 304 and 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act are as follows. COMPONENT SARA 302 SARA 304 SARA 313 Sulfuric Acid Yes Yes No SARA Threshold Planning Quantity: NA TSCA INVENTORY STATUS: The components of this product are listed on the TSCA Inventory. CERCLA REPORTABLE QUANTITY (RQ): Sulfuric Acid = 1000 lbs, OTHER FEDERAL REGULATIONS: Not applicable. STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION: Not determined. CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65: No component of this product is on the California Proposition 65 lists. LABELING (Precautionary Statements): DANGER! CORROSIVE MATERIAL! LIQUID AND MIST CAUSE SEVERE BURNS TO ALL BODY TISSUE. MAY BE FATAL IF SWALLOWED. HARMFUL IF INHALED. MAY CAUSE LUNG DAMAGE. Do not get into eyes, on skin or clothing. Avoid breathing spray or mist. Do not take internally. Use with adequate ventilation and employ respiratory protection when exposed to the mist or spray. When handling, wear chemical splash goggles, face shield, rubber gloves and protective clothing. Do not transfer to unlabeled containers. Wash thoroughly after handling, Keep container closed when not in use. FIRST AID: In case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Do not induce vomiting. IN CASE OF FIRE: Use water, dry chemical, CO2, or alcohol foam. IN CASE OF SPILL: Neutralize residue with acid neutralizing agent. Refer to MSDS for additional information. TARGET ORGANS: Skin, eyes and respiratory system. WHMIS SYMBOLS: D1A- Poisonous and Infectious Materials E- Corrosive Material Very Toxic Materials 16. OTHER INFORMATION THIS INFORMATION IS DRAWN FROM RECOGNIZED SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE. BASIC CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS MAKES NO GUARANTEES NOR ASSUMES ANY LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THIS INFORMATION. THE USER SHOULD BE AWARE OF CHANGING TECHNOLOGY, RESEARCH, REGULATIONS AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES THAT MAY REQUIRE CHANGES HEREIN. THE ABOVE DATA IS SUPPLIED UPON THE CONDITION THAT PERSONS WILL EVALUATE THIS INFORMATION AND THEN DETERMINE ITS SUITABILITY FOR THEIR USE DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 15. OTHER INFORMATION (Continued) A large number of abbreviations and acronyms appear on a MSDS. Some of these which are commonly used include the following: CAS # This is the Chemical Abstract Service Number which uniquely identifies each constituent. It is used for computer-related searching. EXPOSURE LIMITS IN AIR ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, a professional association which establishes exposure limits. TLV - Threshold Limit Value - an airborne concentration of a substance which represents conditions under which it is generally believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed without adverse effect. The duration must be considered, including the 8-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA), the 15-minute Short Term Exposure Limit, and the instantaneous Calling Level. Skin adsorption effects must also be considered. OSHA - U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit - This exposure value means exactly the same as a TLV, except that it is enforceable by OSHA. The OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits are based in the 1989 PELs and the June, 1993 Air Contaminants Rule (Federal Register: 58: 35338-35351 and 58: 40191). Both the current PELs and the vacated PELs are indicated. The phrase, "Vacated 1989 PEL, is placed next to the PEL which was vacated by Court Order. IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health - This level represents a concentration from which one can escape within 30-minutes without suffering escape-preventing or permanent injury. The DFG - MAK is the Republic of Germany's Maximum Exposure Level, similar to the U.S. PEL NIOSH is the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, which is the research arm of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). NIOSH issues exposure guidelines called Recommended Exposure Levels (RELs). When no exposure guidelines are established, an entry of NE is made for reference. FLAMMABILITY LIMITS IN AIR: Much of the information related to fire and explosion is derived from the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). LEL - the lowest percent of vapor in air, by volume, that will explode or ignite in the presence of an ignition source. UEL - the highest percent of vapor in air, by volume, that will explode or ignite in the presence of an ignition source. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION: Possible health hazards as derived from human data, animal studies, or from the results of studies with similar compounds are presented. Definitions of some terms used in this section are: LD50 - Lethal Dose (solids & liquids) which kills 50% of the exposed animals; LC50 - Lethal Concentration (gases) which kills 50% of the exposed animals; ppm concentration expressed in parts of material per million parts of air or water mg/m3 concentration expressed in weight of substance per volume of air mg/kg quantity of material, by weight, administered to a test subject, based on their body weight in kg. Data from several sources are used to evaluate the cancer-causing potential of the material. The sources are: IARC - the International Agency for Research on Cancer; NTP - the National Toxicology Program, RTECS - the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, OSHA and CAUOSHA. IARC and NTP rate chemicals on a scale of decreasing potential to cause human cancer with rankings from 1 to 4. Subrankings (2A, 2B, etc.) are also used. Other measures of toxicity include TDLo, the lowest dose to cause a symptom and TCLo the lowest concentration to cause a symptom; TDo, LDLo, and LDo, or TC, TCo, LCLo, and LCo, the lowest dose (or concentration) to cause death. BEI - Biological Exposure Indices, represent the levels of determinants which are most likely to be observed in specimens collected from a healthy worker who has been exposed to chemicals to the same extent as a worker with inhalation exposure to the TLV. REGULATORY INFORMATION: This section explains the impact of various laws and regulations on the material. EPA is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. WHMIS is the Canadian Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System. DOT and TC are the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Transport Canada, respectively. Other acronyms used are: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA); the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA); Marine Pollutant status according to the DOT; California's Safe Drinking Water Act (Proposition 65); the Comprehensive _Environmental _Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund); and various state regulations. This section also includes information on the precautionary warnings which appear on the materials package label. For Additional Information: Contact: MSDS Coordinator - Univar USA During business hours, Pacific Time - (425) 889-3400 NOTICE Univar USA expressly disclaims all express or implied warranties of merchantibility and fitness for a particular purpose with respect to the product or information provided herein, and shall under no circumstances be liable for incidental or consequential damages. Do not use ingredient information and/or ingredient percentages in this MSDS as a product specification. For product specification information refer to a Product Specification Sheet and/or a Certificate of Analysis. These can be obtained from your local Univar USA Sales Office. All information appearing herein is based upon data obtained from the manufacturer and/or recognized technical sources. While the information is believed to be accurate, Univar USA makes no representations as to its accuracy or sufficiency. Conditions of use are beyond Univar USA's control. Therefore, users are responsible to verify this data under their own operating conditions to determine whether the product is suitable for their particular purposes, and they assume all risks of their use, handling, and disposal of the product or from the publication or use of, or reliance upon, information contained herein. This information relates only to the product designated herein and does not relate to its use in combination with any other material or in any other process. END OF MSDS